%PDF-1.6
%
1 0 obj
<>
endobj
2 0 obj
<>stream
Michael Pluess, Ilona Boniwell, Kate Hefferon, Aneta Tunariu
Preliminary evaluation of a school-based resilience-promoting intervention in a high-risk population: Application of an exploratory two-cohort treatment/control design
www.plosone.org
www.plosone.org
endstream
endobj
3 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 9 0 R/Annots 10 0 R/Contents 11 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
10 0 obj
[12 0 R 13 0 R 14 0 R 15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R 18 0 R 19 0 R 20 0 R 21 0 R 22 0 R 23 0 R 24 0 R 25 0 R 26 0 R]
endobj
12 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0177191.ref010)>>
endobj
13 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0177191.ref011)>>
endobj
14 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0177191.ref012)>>
endobj
15 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0177191.ref013)>>
endobj
16 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0177191.ref014)>>
endobj
17 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0177191.ref015)>>
endobj
18 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0177191.ref017)>>
endobj
19 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0177191.ref018)>>
endobj
20 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0177191.ref016)>>
endobj
21 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0177191.ref017)>>
endobj
22 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0177191.ref019)>>
endobj
23 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0177191.ref020)>>
endobj
24 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0177191.ref021)>>
endobj
25 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0177191.ref017)>>
endobj
26 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/A 27 0 R>>
endobj
27 0 obj
<>
endobj
11 0 obj
[28 0 R 29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R 32 0 R 33 0 R 34 0 R 35 0 R 36 0 R 37 0 R 38 0 R 39 0 R 40 0 R]
endobj
28 0 obj
<>stream
q
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
462.7843 667.3323 m
472.3087 667.3323 l
h
f*
474.5197 667.3323 m
484.0441 667.3323 l
h
f*
402.6331 602.3055 m
412.1575 602.3055 l
h
f*
526.9039 576.3402 m
536.4283 576.3402 l
h
f*
271.2756 511.3134 m
280.7433 511.3134 l
h
f*
283.011 511.3134 m
292.5354 511.3134 l
h
f*
297.6945 511.3134 m
307.2189 511.3134 l
h
f*
321.5622 498.3307 m
331.0866 498.3307 l
h
f*
305.9717 394.2992 m
315.4394 394.2992 l
h
f*
312.2079 342.3118 m
321.7323 342.3118 l
h
f*
324 342.3118 m
333.4677 342.3118 l
h
f*
330.2929 251.3197 m
339.7606 251.3197 l
h
f*
203.4142 225.2976 m
212.9386 225.2976 l
h
f*
429.7323 225.2976 m
439.2567 225.2976 l
h
f*
0 g
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 211.9748 707.4141 cm
BT
/F6 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(Given)Tj
2.6305 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(deleterious)Tj
4.5978 0 Td
(effects)Tj
2.7269 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(depression)Tj
4.5297 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(observation)Tj
4.8982 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(increases)Tj
3.8381 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(adolescent)Tj
-32.1446 -1.3039 Td
(mental)Tj
2.9876 0 Td
(health)Tj
2.6816 0 Td
(problems)Tj
3.9685 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(many)Tj
2.4775 0 Td
(Western)Tj
3.6113 0 Td
(countries)Tj
3.9458 0 Td
(it)Tj
0.7881 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8503 0 Td
(not)Tj
1.5704 0 Td
(surprising)Tj
4.2803 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(there)Tj
2.2677 0 Td
(have)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(been)Tj
-34.2989 -1.2982 Td
(multiple)Tj
3.5659 0 Td
(efforts)Tj
2.7553 0 Td
(aimed)Tj
2.6929 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(promotion)Tj
4.5638 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(emotional)Tj
4.2689 0 Td
(well-being)Tj
4.3824 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7347 0 Td
(resilience)Tj
3.9742 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(children)Tj
3.5603 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(a)Tj
-36.9805 -1.2983 Td
(means)Tj
2.8062 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(combating)Tj
4.4901 0 Td
(mental)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
(health)Tj
2.6815 0 Td
(problems)Tj
3.9685 0 Td
(before)Tj
2.7439 0 Td
(they)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(develop)Tj
3.3222 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(10)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(11)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
3.2541 0 Td
(Most)Tj
2.2791 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(these)Tj
2.2507 0 Td
(efforts)Tj
-34.7355 -1.2983 Td
(have)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(same)Tj
2.262 0 Td
(goal)Tj
1.8709 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(equipping)Tj
4.2576 0 Td
(childrenespecially)Tj
8.3905 0 Td
(those)Tj
2.3357 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9525 0 Td
(risk)Tj
1.7178 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(mental)Tj
2.9933 0 Td
(health)Tj
2.6759 0 Td
(prob-)Tj
-33.3805 -1.3039 Td
(lemswith)Tj
4.8812 0 Td
(adaptive)Tj
3.5773 0 Td
(coping)Tj
2.948 0 Td
(skills)Tj
2.1997 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(related)Tj
2.9423 0 Td
(competencies)Tj
5.6579 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(order)Tj
2.4208 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(increase)Tj
3.4696 0 Td
(their)Tj
2.109 0 Td
(resil-)Tj
-33.9985 -1.2982 Td
(ience)Tj
2.3073 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(life)Tj
1.4457 0 Td
(stress)Tj
2.398 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(future)Tj
2.6588 0 Td
(challenges.)Tj
4.5411 0 Td
(Although)Tj
4.0082 0 Td
(resilience)Tj
3.9741 0 Td
(refers)Tj
2.4548 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(process)Tj
3.1804 0 Td
(rather)Tj
2.6476 0 Td
(than)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(a)Tj
-36.0791 -1.2983 Td
(trait,)Tj
2.1146 0 Td
(generally)Tj
3.8324 0 Td
(defined)Tj
3.2258 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(resistance)Tj
4.1329 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(negative)Tj
3.532 0 Td
(effects)Tj
2.7269 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(stressful)Tj
3.4583 0 Td
(experiences)Tj
4.8698 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0942 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(ability)Tj
-34.9849 -1.3039 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(quickly)Tj
3.1406 0 Td
(recover)Tj
3.1975 0 Td
(\(i.e.)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(bounce)Tj
3.5489 0 Td
(back\))Tj
2.812 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(them)Tj
2.2904 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(12)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
2.0749 0 Td
(several)Tj
2.9367 0 Td
(individual)Tj
4.286 0 Td
(characteristics)Tj
5.9073 0 Td
(have)Tj
-35.1266 -1.2983 Td
(been)Tj
2.1202 0 Td
(associated)Tj
4.2576 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(observed)Tj
3.7984 0 Td
(resilience)Tj
3.9742 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(empirical)Tj
3.9854 0 Td
(work,)Tj
2.5058 0 Td
(including)Tj
4.0422 0 Td
(positive)Tj
3.3165 0 Td
(self-perception,)Tj
-31.0334 -1.2983 Td
(self-efficacy,)Tj
5.1136 0 Td
(optimism,)Tj
4.303 0 Td
(self-control,)Tj
5.0173 0 Td
(problem)Tj
3.6113 0 Td
(solving)Tj
3.0727 0 Td
(skills,)Tj
2.4208 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(sense)Tj
2.3414 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(meaning)Tj
3.7247 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(13)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.075 0 Td
(Conse-)Tj
-34.4237 -1.3039 Td
(quently,)Tj
3.4525 0 Td
(many)Tj
2.4775 0 Td
(preventative)Tj
5.1307 0 Td
(programmes)Tj
5.312 0 Td
(aim)Tj
1.7405 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(promotion)Tj
4.5637 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(consolidation)Tj
5.6635 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(such)Tj
2.058 0 Td
(resil-)Tj
-35.5632 -1.2982 Td
(ience-related)Tj
5.3801 0 Td
(individual)Tj
4.2859 0 Td
(attributes.)Tj
-8.4698 -1.2983 Td
(According)Tj
4.439 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(several)Tj
2.9367 0 Td
(meta-analyses,)Tj
6.0321 0 Td
(interventions)Tj
5.5388 0 Td
(specifically)Tj
4.5695 0 Td
(developed)Tj
4.2746 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(prevent)Tj
3.2542 0 Td
(depres-)Tj
-34.2933 -1.3039 Td
(sion)Tj
1.9048 0 Td
(through)Tj
3.4412 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(promotion)Tj
4.5637 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(resilience)Tj
3.9798 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(protective)Tj
4.2009 0 Td
(factors)Tj
2.9026 0 Td
(have)Tj
2.0637 0 Td
(been)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(generally)Tj
3.8324 0 Td
(found)Tj
2.6192 0 Td
(to)Tj
-35.841 -1.2983 Td
(be)Tj
1.1509 0 Td
(effective)Tj
3.5092 0 Td
(\(e.g.,)Tj
2.1259 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(14)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(15)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(17)Tj
0 g
(]\).)Tj
5.0627 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(most)Tj
2.2054 0 Td
(recent)Tj
2.7099 0 Td
(meta-analysis)Tj
5.6522 0 Td
(included)Tj
3.7134 0 Td
(81)Tj
1.1678 0 Td
(studies)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6577 0 Td
(tot)Tj
-34.7185 -1.2982 Td
(sample)Tj
3.0217 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0147 0 Td
(31,794)Tj
2.8233 0 Td
(participants)Tj
4.955 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(18)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.0806 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(effect)Tj
2.3641 0 Td
(sizes)Tj
2.0466 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(interventions)Tj
5.5389 0 Td
(aimed)Tj
2.6929 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(reducing)Tj
3.7757 0 Td
(depres-)Tj
-34.4293 -1.2983 Td
(sion)Tj
1.9048 0 Td
(symptoms)Tj
4.354 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(relatively)Tj
3.8381 0 Td
(small)Tj
2.3243 0 Td
(with)Tj
/F11 1 Tf
2.0013 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
0.6293 0 Td
(=)Tj
0.805 0 Td
(.23)Tj
1.3947 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(post-intervention,)Tj
/F11 1 Tf
7.4381 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
0.6292 0 Td
(=)Tj
0.7994 0 Td
(.12)Tj
1.4003 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(612)Tj
2.16 0 Td
(months)Tj
-33.7093 -1.3039 Td
(after)Tj
2.0352 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(intervention,)Tj
5.4028 0 Td
(and)Tj
/F11 1 Tf
1.7292 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
0.6349 0 Td
(=)Tj
0.7994 0 Td
(.11)Tj
1.3946 0 Td
(more)Tj
2.3414 0 Td
(than)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(12)Tj
1.1736 0 Td
(months)Tj
3.2825 0 Td
(after)Tj
2.0352 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(intervention.)Tj
5.4028 0 Td
(Although)Tj
4.0024 0 Td
(treat-)Tj
-35.2003 -1.2983 Td
(ment)Tj
2.3073 0 Td
(effects)Tj
2.7269 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(depression)Tj
4.5298 0 Td
(symptoms)Tj
4.3596 0 Td
(tend)Tj
2.0183 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0204 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1509 0 Td
(relatively)Tj
3.8437 0 Td
(small)Tj
2.3244 0 Td
(according)Tj
4.1896 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(different)Tj
-32.241 -1.2983 Td
(meta-analyses)Tj
5.8053 0 Td
(\()Tj
/F11 1 Tf
[()]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
0.924 0 Td
(=)Tj
0.7994 0 Td
(.11)Tj
1.3946 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(.24\))Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(they)Tj
1.9275 0 Td
(generally)Tj
3.8324 0 Td
(remain)Tj
3.0841 0 Td
(significant)Tj
4.388 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9525 0 Td
(follow-up)Tj
4.0932 0 Td
(assessments)Tj
4.9719 0 Td
(with)Tj
-34.9339 -1.3039 Td
(larger)Tj
2.5284 0 Td
(effects)Tj
2.7269 0 Td
(found)Tj
2.6192 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(targeted)Tj
3.4582 0 Td
(\(i.e.,)Tj
1.9276 0 Td
(higher)Tj
2.8006 0 Td
(risk\))Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(compared)Tj
4.2463 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(universal)Tj
3.8494 0 Td
(samples,)Tj
3.6113 0 Td
(samples)Tj
3.3789 0 Td
(with)Tj
-35.6199 -1.2982 Td
(higher)Tj
2.8005 0 Td
(proportions)Tj
4.9947 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(females,)Tj
3.4412 0 Td
(programmes)Tj
5.3064 0 Td
(delivered)Tj
3.8891 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(professional)Tj
5.0513 0 Td
(therapists)Tj
4.0819 0 Td
(compared)Tj
4.2406 0 Td
(to)Tj
-35.9997 -1.2983 Td
(trained)Tj
3.0897 0 Td
(teachers,)Tj
3.7077 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(shorter)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(compared)Tj
4.2462 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(longer)Tj
2.7836 0 Td
(programmes)Tj
5.3121 0 Td
(\(for)Tj
1.7235 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(detailed)Tj
3.3675 0 Td
(report)Tj
2.7099 0 Td
(on)Tj
-34.8148 -1.3039 Td
(moderating)Tj
4.8812 0 Td
(variables,)Tj
3.9458 0 Td
(see)Tj
1.4286 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(16)Tj
0 g
(]\).)Tj
2.4151 0 Td
(However,)Tj
4.0762 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(majority)Tj
3.6283 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(existing)Tj
3.3108 0 Td
(evaluation)Tj
4.3654 0 Td
(studies)Tj
2.982 0 Td
(of)Tj
-34.9906 -1.2983 Td
(resilience)Tj
3.9741 0 Td
(promoting)Tj
4.5241 0 Td
(programmes)Tj
5.3064 0 Td
(focused)Tj
3.2768 0 Td
(exclusively)Tj
4.5127 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(effects)Tj
2.7213 0 Td
(interventions)Tj
5.5388 0 Td
(had)Tj
1.7121 0 Td
(on)Tj
-34.3159 -1.2983 Td
(depression)Tj
4.524 0 Td
(symptoms)Tj
4.3597 0 Td
(rather)Tj
2.6475 0 Td
(than)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(resilience-related)Tj
7.0469 0 Td
(traits)Tj
2.2507 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(spite)Tj
2.0863 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(rational)Tj
3.3278 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(most)Tj
-34.0835 -1.2982 Td
(applied)Tj
3.152 0 Td
(interventions)Tj
5.5389 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(prevent)Tj
3.2542 0 Td
(depression)Tj
4.5297 0 Td
(through)Tj
3.4469 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(promotion)Tj
4.5637 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(resilience)Tj
3.9742 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(associ-)Tj
-33.698 -1.3039 Td
(ated)Tj
1.9048 0 Td
(competencies)Tj
5.6523 0 Td
(\(but)Tj
1.8935 0 Td
(see)Tj
1.4286 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(17)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(19)Tj
0 g
(]\).)Tj
-9.683 -1.2983 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(current)Tj
3.1861 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3867 0 Td
(overcomes)Tj
4.5128 0 Td
(limitations)Tj
4.5354 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(existing)Tj
3.3108 0 Td
(work)Tj
2.2791 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1848 0 Td
(investigating)Tj
5.3178 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(effects)Tj
2.7269 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(a)Tj
-35.9203 -1.2983 Td
(new)Tj
1.8765 0 Td
(resilience-promoting)Tj
8.6229 0 Td
(intervention)Tj
5.1817 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(depression)Tj
4.524 0 Td
(symptoms)Tj
4.3597 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(well)Tj
1.8198 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(resilience-related)Tj
-29.6898 -1.3039 Td
(attitudes,)Tj
3.8777 0 Td
(behaviours,)Tj
4.8302 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(personality)Tj
4.6488 0 Td
(traits,)Tj
2.4775 0 Td
(such)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(positive)Tj
3.3165 0 Td
(self-concept,)Tj
5.2554 0 Td
(emotion)Tj
3.5943 0 Td
(regula-)Tj
-33.4542 -1.2982 Td
(tion,)Tj
2.0635 0 Td
(adaptive)Tj
3.5773 0 Td
(stress)Tj
2.3981 0 Td
(coping)Tj
2.9481 0 Td
(strategies,)Tj
4.1498 0 Td
(finding)Tj
3.1295 0 Td
(meaning,)Tj
3.9514 0 Td
(building)Tj
3.5774 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2755 0 Td
(strengths,)Tj
4.0989 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(self-effi-)Tj
-32.9043 -1.2983 Td
(cacy.)Tj
2.1769 0 Td
(The)Tj
/F11 1 Tf
1.7858 0 Td
[()8()65()]TJ
3.1068 0 Td
[()2()8( )10(\n)4()12(\n)4()2()6(\r)7()]TJ
3.9855 0 Td
[()2()20()2()-8()20()16()18()6()]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
4.8075 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(universal)Tj
3.8551 0 Td
(school-based)Tj
5.3971 0 Td
(resilience-promoting)Tj
-26.6114 -1.3039 Td
(intervention)Tj
5.176 0 Td
(programme)Tj
4.9492 0 Td
(specifically)Tj
4.5694 0 Td
(developed)Tj
4.2747 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(1012)Tj
2.6418 0 Td
(year)Tj
1.9049 0 Td
(old)Tj
1.4967 0 Td
(children)Tj
3.5603 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(deprived)Tj
-32.1616 -1.2983 Td
(urban)Tj
2.6078 0 Td
(communities)Tj
5.4822 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(England)Tj
3.5603 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(20)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
-11.4915 -1.2983 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(empirical)Tj
3.9911 0 Td
(evaluation)Tj
4.3597 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(universal)Tj
3.8551 0 Td
(school-based)Tj
5.3914 0 Td
(programmes)Tj
5.3121 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(inherently)Tj
4.3257 0 Td
(challenging)Tj
-32.0823 -1.3039 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(21)Tj
0 g
(]:)Tj
2.0749 0 Td
(1\))Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(treatment)Tj
4.1328 0 Td
(effects)Tj
2.727 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(generally)Tj
3.8324 0 Td
(moderate)Tj
4.0252 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(small)Tj
2.3244 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(17)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.8539 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6475 0 Td
(requires)Tj
3.4752 0 Td
(rather)Tj
2.6419 0 Td
(large)Tj
-33.2501 -1.2982 Td
(samples)Tj
3.3788 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(both)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(treatment)Tj
4.1386 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(control)Tj
3.1238 0 Td
(groups;)Tj
3.1918 0 Td
(2\))Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(randomized)Tj
5.057 0 Td
(allocation)Tj
4.1329 0 Td
(into)Tj
1.8425 0 Td
(control)Tj
3.1238 0 Td
(and)Tj
-34.2026 -1.2983 Td
(treatment)Tj
4.1328 0 Td
(groups)Tj
2.9707 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(often)Tj
2.2847 0 Td
(problematic)Tj
5.0343 0 Td
(due)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(participants)Tj
4.9606 0 Td
(being)Tj
2.4321 0 Td
(nested)Tj
2.8006 0 Td
(within)Tj
2.8119 0 Td
(classes)Tj
2.829 0 Td
(which)Tj
-33.8284 -1.2983 Td
(are)Tj
1.4456 0 Td
(further)Tj
3.0274 0 Td
(nested)Tj
2.8063 0 Td
(within)Tj
2.8119 0 Td
(schools)Tj
3.1521 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(both)Tj
2.0636 0 Td
(classes)Tj
2.829 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(schools)Tj
3.1521 0 Td
(often)Tj
2.2847 0 Td
(significantly)Tj
5.091 0 Td
(varying)Tj
-32.3884 -1.3039 Td
(on)Tj
1.2755 0 Td
(outcome)Tj
3.7247 0 Td
(measures)Tj
3.9402 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(baseline;)Tj
3.6567 0 Td
(and,)Tj
1.9559 0 Td
(3\))Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(evaluations)Tj
4.7225 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(include)Tj
3.1861 0 Td
(separate)Tj
3.4809 0 Td
(treatment)Tj
4.1386 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(con-)Tj
-35.5745 -1.2983 Td
(trol)Tj
1.644 0 Td
(schools)Tj
3.1521 0 Td
(depend)Tj
3.1861 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(compliance)Tj
4.8302 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(many)Tj
2.4774 0 Td
(parties)Tj
2.8914 0 Td
(involved)Tj
3.651 0 Td
(\(i.e.)Tj
1.7007 0 Td
(school)Tj
2.795 0 Td
(administration,)Tj
-30.0867 -1.2982 Td
(teachers,)Tj
3.7076 0 Td
(students,)Tj
3.7928 0 Td
(parents\).)Tj
3.736 0 Td
(Consequently,)Tj
5.9584 0 Td
(randomized)Tj
5.057 0 Td
(controlled)Tj
4.3199 0 Td
(trials)Tj
2.1997 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(evaluation)Tj
4.3654 0 Td
(of)Tj
-35.9884 -1.3039 Td
(universal)Tj
3.855 0 Td
(school-based)Tj
5.3915 0 Td
(intervention)Tj
5.176 0 Td
(programmes)Tj
5.3121 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(often)Tj
2.2848 0 Td
(difficult,)Tj
3.5773 0 Td
(time-consuming,)Tj
7.0752 0 Td
(and)Tj
-34.1232 -1.2983 Td
(expensive.)Tj
1.1962 -1.2983 Td
(Testing)Tj
3.1974 0 Td
(preventative)Tj
5.1364 0 Td
(programmes)Tj
5.3064 0 Td
(under)Tj
2.6192 0 Td
(authentic)Tj
3.9685 0 Td
(real-life)Tj
4.0591 0 Td
(conditions)Tj
4.4731 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(great)Tj
2.211 0 Td
(impor-)Tj
-34.0325 -1.3039 Td
(tance)Tj
2.347 0 Td
(when)Tj
2.4038 0 Td
(evaluating)Tj
4.3199 0 Td
(whether)Tj
3.4753 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(programme)Tj
4.9492 0 Td
(might)Tj
2.6022 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1509 0 Td
(suitable)Tj
3.2825 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(beneficial)Tj
4.0478 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(children,)Tj
-32.3487 -1.2982 Td
(especially)Tj
4.0138 0 Td
(those)Tj
2.3414 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(more)Tj
2.3414 0 Td
(economically)Tj
5.5219 0 Td
(disadvantaged)Tj
5.9187 0 Td
(backgrounds.)Tj
5.6182 0 Td
(Not)Tj
1.7575 0 Td
(surprisingly,)Tj
5.2044 0 Td
(the)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
576 737.1 m
36 737.1 l
36 737.6 l
576 737.6 l
f*
36 741.2598 107.1496 23.6976 re
W* n
q
107.0929 0 0 23.6409 36 741.3165 cm
q
/I0 Do
Q
Q
Q
q
0 0 612 792 re
W* n
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 497.4803 745.7952 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(Resilience)Tj
4.7409 0 Td
(interven)Tj
3.4867 0 Td
(tion)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
36 48.0002 m
576 48.0002 l
576 47.5002 l
36 47.5002 l
f*
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
81.5811 34.9228 m
237.8835 34.9228 l
h
f*
0 g
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 36 36 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(PLOS)Tj
2.8559 0 Td
(ONE)Tj
2.3669 0 Td
(|)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
0.4748 0 Td
(https://doi.or)Tj
5.4142 0 Td
(g/10.137)Tj
3.8198 0 Td
(1/journal.po)Tj
5.1236 0 Td
(ne.01771)Tj
4.089 0 Td
(91)Tj
0 g
2.0906 0 Td
(May)Tj
2.0906 0 Td
(8,)Tj
1.0346 0 Td
(2017)Tj
35.7806 0 Td
(2)Tj
0.7654 0 Td
(/)Tj
ET
endstream
endobj
29 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
30 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
31 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
32 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
33 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
34 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
35 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
36 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
37 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
38 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
39 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
40 0 obj
<>stream
BT
66.402 0 Td
(18)Tj
ET
Q
endstream
endobj
41 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 9 0 R/Annots 43 0 R/Contents 44 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
43 0 obj
[45 0 R 46 0 R 47 0 R 48 0 R 49 0 R 50 0 R]
endobj
45 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0177191.ref008)>>
endobj
46 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0177191.ref009)>>
endobj
47 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0177191.ref022)>>
endobj
48 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0177191.ref023)>>
endobj
49 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0177191.ref023)>>
endobj
50 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/A 51 0 R>>
endobj
51 0 obj
<>
endobj
44 0 obj
[52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 57 0 R 58 0 R]
endobj
52 0 obj
<>stream
q
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
286.1858 537.3354 m
290.948 537.3354 l
h
f*
293.2157 537.3354 m
297.978 537.3354 l
h
f*
512.1071 498.3307 m
521.6315 498.3307 l
h
f*
392.8819 420.3213 m
402.3496 420.3213 l
h
f*
419.1307 224.9008 m
428.6551 224.9008 l
h
f*
0 g
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 707.4141 cm
BT
/F6 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(administration)Tj
6.1681 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(universal)Tj
3.8551 0 Td
(school-based)Tj
5.3971 0 Td
(teacher-presented)Tj
7.3644 0 Td
(interventions)Tj
5.5388 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(at-risk)Tj
2.795 0 Td
(popula-)Tj
-33.1708 -1.3039 Td
(tions)Tj
2.1996 0 Td
(faces)Tj
2.1487 0 Td
(additional)Tj
4.2803 0 Td
(challenges)Tj
4.3199 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(likely)Tj
2.3528 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(undermine)Tj
4.6771 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4741 0 Td
(detection)Tj
3.9344 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(treatment)Tj
4.1386 0 Td
(effects:)Tj
-34.7922 -1.2982 Td
(missing)Tj
3.2995 0 Td
(data)Tj
1.9048 0 Td
(due)Tj
1.6895 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(lack)Tj
1.8085 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0091 0 Td
(compliance)Tj
4.8188 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7178 0 Td
(cooperation)Tj
5.0173 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1736 0 Td
(children)Tj
3.5432 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7235 0 Td
(their)Tj
2.0976 0 Td
(parents,)Tj
3.3902 0 Td
(frequent)Tj
-34.2082 -1.2983 Td
(school)Tj
2.7892 0 Td
(absence)Tj
3.3449 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(children,)Tj
3.7814 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(overburdened)Tj
5.8337 0 Td
(teachers)Tj
3.4809 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9525 0 Td
(understaffed)Tj
5.2383 0 Td
(schools)Tj
3.1578 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(mention)Tj
-33.8114 -1.2983 Td
(just)Tj
1.661 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6577 0 Td
(few)Tj
1.6157 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(typical)Tj
2.8574 0 Td
(obstacles.)Tj
4.0081 0 Td
(Given)Tj
2.6306 0 Td
(these)Tj
2.2563 0 Td
(challenges,)Tj
4.5411 0 Td
(we)Tj
1.3266 0 Td
(developed)Tj
4.2746 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(applied)Tj
3.1521 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(alterna-)Tj
-34.3953 -1.3039 Td
(tive)Tj
1.661 0 Td
(approach)Tj
3.9515 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(test)Tj
1.6044 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(SPARK)Tj
3.2315 0 Td
(resilience)Tj
3.9741 0 Td
(programme)Tj
4.9493 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(exploratory)Tj
4.8189 0 Td
(fashion,)Tj
3.3789 0 Td
(addressing)Tj
-32.3034 -1.2982 Td
(many)Tj
2.4774 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(aforementioned)Tj
6.6047 0 Td
(methodological)Tj
6.4233 0 Td
(difficulties)Tj
4.405 0 Td
(while)Tj
2.3698 0 Td
(permitting)Tj
4.4957 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(preliminary)Tj
4.9436 0 Td
(evalu-)Tj
-34.8545 -1.2983 Td
(ation)Tj
2.262 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0091 0 Td
(SPARK)Tj
3.2258 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.1905 0 Td
(authentic)Tj
3.9628 0 Td
(setting)Tj
2.8743 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(spite)Tj
2.0749 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0091 0 Td
(limited)Tj
3.0614 0 Td
(resources.)Tj
4.2009 0 Td
(Importantly,)Tj
5.2725 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6667 0 Td
(approach)Tj
-33.8624 -1.3039 Td
(should)Tj
2.9139 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1509 0 Td
(understood)Tj
4.8189 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2075 0 Td
(additional)Tj
4.2746 0 Td
(methodological)Tj
6.4233 0 Td
(tool)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(preliminary)Tj
4.9379 0 Td
(evaluation)Tj
4.3653 0 Td
(of)Tj
-35.7389 -1.2983 Td
(interventions)Tj
5.5388 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(authentic)Tj
3.9685 0 Td
(settings)Tj
3.2428 0 Td
(rather)Tj
2.6476 0 Td
(than)Tj
2.0295 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(alternative)Tj
4.422 0 Td
(approach)Tj
3.9515 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(existing)Tj
3.3108 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(estab-)Tj
-34.1062 -1.2983 Td
(lished)Tj
2.5738 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3867 0 Td
(designs.)Tj
-3.7643 -1.3039 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(current)Tj
3.1861 0 Td
(evaluation)Tj
4.3597 0 Td
(involved)Tj
3.651 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(sample)Tj
3.0217 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(438)Tj
1.6441 0 Td
(1113)Tj
2.6419 0 Td
(year)Tj
1.9049 0 Td
(old)Tj
1.5023 0 Td
(girls)Tj
1.9276 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(state)Tj
2.0352 0 Td
(school)Tj
2.795 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(one)Tj
-35.96 -1.2982 Td
(of)Tj
1.0147 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(most)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(deprived)Tj
3.7361 0 Td
(neighbourhoods)Tj
6.7917 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(England)Tj
3.5603 0 Td
(representing)Tj
5.2384 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(population)Tj
4.592 0 Td
(most)Tj
2.2054 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(risk)Tj
1.7178 0 Td
(for)Tj
-35.9657 -1.2983 Td
(depressive)Tj
4.3426 0 Td
(disorders)Tj
3.9345 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(8)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(9)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.3017 0 Td
(For)Tj
1.6214 0 Td
(example,)Tj
3.77 0 Td
(whereas)Tj
3.4413 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4626 0 Td
(1)Tj
0.6917 0 Td
(year)Tj
1.8992 0 Td
(prevalence)Tj
4.4844 0 Td
(rate)Tj
1.7404 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(emotional)Tj
4.269 0 Td
(prob-)Tj
-35.3421 -1.3039 Td
(lems)Tj
2.0692 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(1116)Tj
2.6362 0 Td
(year)Tj
1.9049 0 Td
(old)Tj
1.5023 0 Td
(girls)Tj
1.9276 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(financially)Tj
4.3824 0 Td
(well)Tj
1.8198 0 Td
(off)Tj
1.3039 0 Td
(households)Tj
4.7338 0 Td
(\(i.e.,)Tj
1.9276 0 Td
(more)Tj
2.3414 0 Td
(than)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(770)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(weekly)Tj
-33.9418 -1.2983 Td
(income\))Tj
3.5489 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(3.7%)Tj
2.1486 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(United)Tj
3.0218 0 Td
(Kingdom)Tj
4.0308 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(2004,)Tj
2.347 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6725 0 Td
(rate)Tj
1.7461 0 Td
(increased)Tj
4.0025 0 Td
(up)Tj
1.2642 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(12.9%)Tj
2.6305 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(girls)Tj
-34.0665 -1.2982 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(families)Tj
3.3278 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(low)Tj
1.6554 0 Td
(income)Tj
3.2088 0 Td
(\(i.e.,)Tj
1.9276 0 Td
(less)Tj
1.6101 0 Td
(than)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(100)Tj
2.1259 0 Td
(per)Tj
1.5307 0 Td
(week\))Tj
2.5852 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(same)Tj
2.262 0 Td
(year)Tj
1.8992 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(22)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.0807 0 Td
(In)Tj
1.1055 0 Td
(compar-)Tj
-34.0552 -1.2983 Td
(ison,)Tj
2.1259 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(same)Tj
2.2564 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(boys)Tj
2.0466 0 Td
(had)Tj
1.7121 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(prevalence)Tj
4.4901 0 Td
(rate)Tj
1.7461 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(1.5%)Tj
2.1543 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(high)Tj
2.0126 0 Td
(income)Tj
3.2088 0 Td
(families)Tj
3.3222 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(11.5%)Tj
-34.4067 -1.3039 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(low)Tj
1.661 0 Td
(income)Tj
3.2088 0 Td
(families.)Tj
-4.7054 -1.2983 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(programme)Tj
4.9492 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(delivered)Tj
3.8892 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(trained)Tj
3.0897 0 Td
(teachers)Tj
3.4866 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(regular)Tj
3.0557 0 Td
(class)Tj
2.0466 0 Td
(setting)Tj
2.88 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(part)Tj
1.8425 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
-35.6312 -1.2983 Td
(standard)Tj
3.719 0 Td
(curriculum.)Tj
4.9549 0 Td
(In)Tj
1.1055 0 Td
(order)Tj
2.4208 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(address)Tj
3.2258 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(typical)Tj
2.8629 0 Td
(methodological)Tj
6.4233 0 Td
(challenges)Tj
4.3143 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(studies)Tj
-32.5358 -1.3039 Td
(aimed)Tj
2.6928 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9525 0 Td
(evaluating)Tj
4.3143 0 Td
(universal)Tj
3.8551 0 Td
(school-based)Tj
5.3971 0 Td
(programmes)Tj
5.3121 0 Td
(we)Tj
1.3266 0 Td
(combined)Tj
4.2406 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(two)Tj
1.7065 0 Td
(cohort)Tj
2.8573 0 Td
(treatment/)Tj
-33.3125 -1.2982 Td
(control)Tj
3.118 0 Td
(design)Tj
2.8177 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9955 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(mixed)Tj
2.7269 0 Td
(methods)Tj
3.685 0 Td
(approach)Tj
3.9515 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(23)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.0749 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(intervention)Tj
5.1817 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(conducted)Tj
4.4277 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
-35.1437 -1.2983 Td
(treatment)Tj
4.1328 0 Td
(cohort)Tj
2.8573 0 Td
(only,)Tj
2.1997 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6532 0 Td
(included)Tj
3.7077 0 Td
(all)Tj
1.1509 0 Td
(children)Tj
3.5546 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(same)Tj
2.2564 0 Td
(year)Tj
1.9048 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9525 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(same)Tj
2.2564 0 Td
(school,)Tj
3.0217 0 Td
(while)Tj
-34.6221 -1.3039 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(complete)Tj
3.8778 0 Td
(year-ahead)Tj
4.5977 0 Td
(cohort)Tj
2.8573 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0092 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(same)Tj
2.2563 0 Td
(school)Tj
2.7893 0 Td
(served)Tj
2.7836 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0091 0 Td
(control)Tj
3.1238 0 Td
(group.)Tj
2.8346 0 Td
(Besides)Tj
3.1578 0 Td
(comparing)Tj
-33.2388 -1.2983 Td
(quantitative)Tj
4.9776 0 Td
(data)Tj
1.9162 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5262 0 Td
(treatment)Tj
4.1329 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(control)Tj
3.1181 0 Td
(cohorts,)Tj
3.4413 0 Td
(qualitative)Tj
4.3823 0 Td
(methods)Tj
3.6793 0 Td
(\(i.e.,)Tj
1.9276 0 Td
(focus)Tj
2.33 0 Td
(group)Tj
-35.1663 -1.2983 Td
(with)Tj
1.9955 0 Td
(teachers\))Tj
3.8211 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(applied)Tj
3.1521 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(order)Tj
2.4207 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(collect)Tj
2.7836 0 Td
(important)Tj
4.2859 0 Td
(additional)Tj
4.2746 0 Td
(information)Tj
5.0797 0 Td
(regarding)Tj
4.0932 0 Td
(the)Tj
-36.0961 -1.2982 Td
(implementation)Tj
6.6386 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(intervention.)Tj
-7.9256 -1.3039 Td
(In)Tj
1.1111 0 Td
(summary,)Tj
4.235 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(current)Tj
3.1861 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3868 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(advancing)Tj
4.3199 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4741 0 Td
(field)Tj
1.9729 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(preventative)Tj
5.1306 0 Td
(interventions)Tj
5.5389 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(inves-)Tj
-35.0643 -1.2983 Td
(tigating)Tj
3.2598 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(effects)Tj
2.7212 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6577 0 Td
(resilience-promoting)Tj
8.6286 0 Td
(intervention)Tj
5.176 0 Td
(programme)Tj
4.9492 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(both)Tj
2.058 0 Td
(adaptive)Tj
3.5773 0 Td
(and)Tj
-34.7922 -1.2983 Td
(maladaptive)Tj
5.0739 0 Td
(outcomes)Tj
4.0876 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(high-risk)Tj
3.8551 0 Td
(population)Tj
4.5921 0 Td
(under)Tj
2.6192 0 Td
(real-life)Tj
3.2712 0 Td
(conditions)Tj
4.473 0 Td
(applying)Tj
3.668 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2076 0 Td
(explor-)Tj
-34.5371 -1.3039 Td
(atory)Tj
2.2847 0 Td
(innovative)Tj
4.422 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(design.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 273.9968 cm
BT
/F2 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Materials)Tj
4.5071 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.989 0 Td
(methods)Tj
/F0 1 Tf
-6.4961 -1.4976 Td
(Procedure)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 239.0173 cm
BT
/F6 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(current)Tj
3.1861 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3868 0 Td
(combines)Tj
4.0818 0 Td
(both)Tj
2.058 0 Td
(quantitative)Tj
4.9776 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(qualitative)Tj
4.3767 0 Td
(methods)Tj
3.685 0 Td
(\(i.e.)Tj
1.7064 0 Td
(mixed)Tj
2.7213 0 Td
(methods\))Tj
-32.6889 -1.3039 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(order)Tj
2.4207 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(evaluate)Tj
3.4639 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(SPARK)Tj
3.2372 0 Td
(resilience)Tj
3.9741 0 Td
(programme)Tj
4.9493 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(23)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.0749 0 Td
(For)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(quantitative)Tj
4.9776 0 Td
(component)Tj
-31.7194 -1.2982 Td
(of)Tj
1.0147 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(we)Tj
1.3266 0 Td
(applied)Tj
3.1521 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(two)Tj
1.7121 0 Td
(cohort)Tj
2.8516 0 Td
(treatment/control)Tj
7.3701 0 Td
(design)Tj
2.8119 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(one)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(cohort)Tj
2.8573 0 Td
(serving)Tj
3.1067 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
-35.4271 -1.2983 Td
(control)Tj
3.118 0 Td
(group)Tj
2.6136 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(subsequent)Tj
4.7054 0 Td
(cohort)Tj
2.8573 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(treatment)Tj
4.1329 0 Td
(group.)Tj
2.8346 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(SPARK)Tj
3.2315 0 Td
(resilience)Tj
3.9741 0 Td
(pro-)Tj
-34.1175 -1.3039 Td
(gramme)Tj
3.5546 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(delivered)Tj
3.8891 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(all)Tj
1.1508 0 Td
(children)Tj
3.5546 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(same)Tj
2.2563 0 Td
(cohort)Tj
2.8573 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(year)Tj
1.8992 0 Td
(7)Tj
0.6973 0 Td
(\(i.e.)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(6)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 482.7401 191.4519 cm
BT
/F6 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(th)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 491.1307 186.9732 cm
BT
/F6 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(grade\))Tj
2.7836 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(part)Tj
1.8368 0 Td
(of)Tj
-34.7468 -1.2982 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(official)Tj
2.9423 0 Td
(curriculum)Tj
4.7225 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6577 0 Td
(girls-only)Tj
4.0365 0 Td
(comprehensive)Tj
6.2872 0 Td
(state)Tj
2.0352 0 Td
(funded)Tj
3.0614 0 Td
(school)Tj
2.795 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(East)Tj
1.8821 0 Td
(London,)Tj
-31.8781 -1.2983 Td
(United)Tj
3.0217 0 Td
(Kingdom,)Tj
4.252 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(place)Tj
2.262 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(standard)Tj
3.719 0 Td
(Personal,)Tj
3.8948 0 Td
(Social,)Tj
2.8006 0 Td
(Health,)Tj
3.1408 0 Td
(Economic)Tj
4.2858 0 Td
(education)Tj
4.1783 0 Td
(cur-)Tj
-35.0813 -1.2982 Td
(riculum)Tj
3.4016 0 Td
(\(PSHE\))Tj
3.2711 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6532 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6952 0 Td
(delivered)Tj
3.8891 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(year-ahead)Tj
4.5978 0 Td
(control)Tj
3.1238 0 Td
(cohort.)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(Quantitative)Tj
5.2213 0 Td
(data)Tj
1.9105 0 Td
(was)Tj
-35.3364 -1.304 Td
(collected)Tj
3.7361 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2755 0 Td
(laptop)Tj
2.744 0 Td
(computers)Tj
4.4673 0 Td
(during)Tj
2.9254 0 Td
(class)Tj
2.0466 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(school,)Tj
3.0217 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3868 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(online)Tj
2.7609 0 Td
(questionnaire)Tj
5.7032 0 Td
(service,)Tj
-33.2218 -1.2982 Td
(immediately)Tj
5.1987 0 Td
(before)Tj
2.7439 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(after)Tj
2.0352 0 Td
(delivery)Tj
3.3903 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0147 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(programme)Tj
4.9492 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(well)Tj
1.8199 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(6)Tj
0.6916 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(12)Tj
1.1678 0 Td
(months)Tj
3.2825 0 Td
(after)Tj
-33.2558 -1.2983 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(programme)Tj
4.9492 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(completed.)Tj
4.6318 0 Td
(In)Tj
1.1055 0 Td
(order)Tj
2.4208 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(understand)Tj
4.7905 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(intricacies)Tj
4.303 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(implementing)Tj
5.8676 0 Td
(the)Tj
-34.7468 -1.3039 Td
(SPARK)Tj
3.2315 0 Td
(programme,)Tj
5.176 0 Td
(including)Tj
4.0422 0 Td
(what)Tj
2.1657 0 Td
(components)Tj
5.1703 0 Td
(worked)Tj
3.2315 0 Td
(well)Tj
1.8198 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0999 0 Td
(not)Tj
1.5704 0 Td
(so)Tj
1.0884 0 Td
(well,)Tj
2.0465 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(single)Tj
2.5342 0 Td
(focus)Tj
-33.8284 -1.2983 Td
(group)Tj
2.6079 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(conducted)Tj
4.4276 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(teachers,)Tj
3.7077 0 Td
(shortly)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
(after)Tj
2.0353 0 Td
(completion)Tj
4.7735 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(intervention.)Tj
5.4027 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(complete)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
576 737.1 m
36 737.1 l
36 737.6 l
576 737.6 l
f*
36 741.2598 107.1496 23.6976 re
W* n
q
107.0929 0 0 23.6409 36 741.3165 cm
q
/I0 Do
Q
Q
Q
q
0 0 612 792 re
W* n
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 497.4803 745.7952 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(Resilience)Tj
4.7409 0 Td
(interven)Tj
3.4867 0 Td
(tion)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
36 48.0002 m
576 48.0002 l
576 47.5002 l
36 47.5002 l
f*
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
81.5811 34.9228 m
237.8835 34.9228 l
h
f*
0 g
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 36 36 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(PLOS)Tj
2.8559 0 Td
(ONE)Tj
2.3669 0 Td
(|)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
0.4748 0 Td
(https://doi.or)Tj
5.4142 0 Td
(g/10.137)Tj
3.8198 0 Td
(1/journal.po)Tj
5.1236 0 Td
(ne.01771)Tj
4.089 0 Td
(91)Tj
0 g
2.0906 0 Td
(May)Tj
2.0906 0 Td
(8,)Tj
1.0346 0 Td
(2017)Tj
35.7806 0 Td
(3)Tj
0.7654 0 Td
(/)Tj
ET
endstream
endobj
53 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
54 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
55 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
56 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
57 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
58 0 obj
<>stream
BT
66.402 0 Td
(18)Tj
ET
Q
endstream
endobj
59 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 9 0 R/Annots 62 0 R/Contents 63 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
61 0 obj
<>stream
xudKu.p,$'8 Aww@;w$A$cxywgq?֫ݧ˜{Sjժv/}Dp׆k#nn8jvl6[~;[zsfωD`@ c5#p۷/bơ6L?F\~G`V~"Ǜ9?CcIs"0ع]RW]x]ΗWWgO٨Y6>D`"0fX
o9D`"0Lc0f`NXk_O:D`"#84Caf1|?ء-se_R1)l?>7/}K_]R8 -7 dr4YϪΛsrrRbԕ}vK_;~o&뿭,L;Vt:kw7M/+jzØ9D`"0JtbG+a)u!soo2|D*?Ї>t;lg;}>tK#vhpd{"N;t-KwĊ_??"rVd!䅠vnn54<QCg>o~mo}A_G wЪ'Z,կ~??zC^yk||ի^/|ַ g}{;ܷ;zonGEayw{n̺^|a`}%LqK^uc:G>X2J;f!; z
k/O|f|+^A|Y^K^0҇ ? Kx;84ۧ?%G/lza h--W|"@S>z_"
eCd4:gnq[]B2u_&=,fc8L~Dpg?{ӟ~\89NI[Ń81q'8INr'< }<1+ەt%uo|;Sկ~e3vsCַo]5}c[X2~dP%y>T'OyS<;ȍ(%4Ji2{^4EIl1z1J%oӞ6f?я.}lN77zvK\/NWSx|N& !6MiR{~S~̃*ao~S]^po;gJ~X6̣hmenuOD',^+ѡ~ŀ__I[{1a?Y~{/~E8Y ۳18~,>wC$Vdq迾~ ̈ïT!Xr$v,_pI!o#TaI4v5 ow\ɟ ygt3_G_ w`>9WzLDD bsQJ@/})i'}<9Ρ)
Kgy_-5̷}ȲnˆhӞ4R[g<oNƲVW2p%F[۽Жg9NW=N}S?IO
~'1]aPR,QfnQ/Ŋ+W{ .Wѯ@?˛gTnlogH-;PBF8~_>b8Lb!٘]'q҈k:+%7dKj{o5z>nESЇ>TqZM-JԒBh9v%\rT=)-mh4KF-fgiKi' ~sS8k3CQ(q{iNsZojW-\uHNaM{~qaSYcow=L@␀{cs//zիu7Mnt]*W(n7!xk_[^#HƄ 9گ,1:կbUΏ.9]|_>+nr13szlqxuX6:v(E/꠱s\Ch>0Q?iԥ؟=Lƕ_=R{{ݍ!@\yܼ<9Tث7y/~2G4կr#&=yOtN.a,ۛS}cJ(,Wi|*UX2g:Ьͪ}"0
?tS'\)H@Se_^p
Sgu:/wXW8jl
|IQG_+Ez(gԐMT*)W\ۚ*\OTԁjw]nw]W>)OY @yy;cXW1
oxy7zy>W@認OL t>~UAD`"08 8Ԋuzv1"(?OXÐ803PYw'wN~#tpӼL;hjVY>}avgiMKg?v28hXvJB#Vqqg{"0~D,[yU"';%H_=Qzv]ρxFZZ L}ŽcaUyӞ.zCXt$A^^\2uw*/:ΒwN:vÊʛNnw~wt돃܊NtGޭF
):/I
7]Ph@[IjqV"Y-R=S_Y/n,1#mܴ oI^/֏Z(+.d'㰒Լ8@@B\q@L7õ"^_BL[.vstئ|Ou
f_TQNN4;?N&CRQD] wJ@u=~g=k&*Iv]YzC
k89
XcBOHx&|I'|aCv3F4~trkMtޤNS=,y
0WMۛ<蠃<&4K<+=z;"4hg?wڮS"VǤ<ZO-{+n~1rr!s97MDl#Dub>N-
U#[FHS"sKa6J?.r
bG"ج* yal>L3HE7
<3PGp*|rFSJh/Ga Dy=ֻCI>0VO*՟G/QWavD|+)i0O=ODQpѣ:X5#2e.s~@WUe8ĨPv|_(aeWg<9xxC⣣])_$Ū&T3B^5ϗO}%CϋU?5$f~ Pp-笑=A lCJGDw2i !ڊ0s\ϑ^ozݾKPepe8üM(A{1eԇD7@HA,3.i_܍{,{$vӷ^ow+P1hnWLXcݔ~M;78u+:Owq/< 5p/m:7gC ٘a~җ'D>BD(5$ "g&x7]x#H엽eH`)Y6K^k.QQeJlzc^WJ,T["i"@Z+0V,(A&Iҕb2&g~#
iBqhʈ.SE0݆#M\6(#ٳ8jC PC`[?ʎh0r
+e3"N_kwbOv+
L&$rr>*&0:!N8ΕsP:Vv6&n)70RMx]>+y\J/RCʢD$a=ljI/hv=+u).^vF
03U
Ӥ|jQ":Bixs]3Lj^VFp8dpL rX$Wd˻)O}]AK֤
/xAKNCywŀ)tH8Qc[ ¿oR1"(PgGvQ1)>/LY_((Pa]6j\oeqp x+_UiTҌW8, Y^im*5Uh0S
/:R{Uؖ{g7Ы{\^>qs3E\n.z